MARKETING ISSUE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Advertising ISSUE - Essay Example These items cut an edge over the rivals in the estimation of innovation utilized. Apple Company distinguishes whether it is compelling in growing new items, and what impacts they have available. For instance, this has been done through the consideration of ad libbed highlights that the contenders presently can't seem to create. A model is the utilization of iMessage, and iCloud, which permits the clients to spare information through its distributed computing administrations. The information may incorporate music documents and video film for download to numerous gadgets (Fifield, 2007). This inventive element gives them an edge over opponents, for example, Motorola, Nokia, and BlackBerry. In addition, the organization has proceeded to utilize scholarly rights on the item. This incorporates patent rights. It right shields the item from being utilized by different contenders or from contenders building up a comparative item. For the organization to gain a huge piece of the pie and increment their deals, the organization has underscored on the utilization of this procedure of advancement to its present market status (Schnaars,

Medeas Monologue by Euripides (Mother Character)

Medeas Monolog by Euripides (Mother Character) In one of the most chilling monologs in all of Greek Mythology, Medea looks for vengeance against the chivalrous yet unfeeling Jason (the dad of her kids) by slaughtering her own posterity. Found in the play Medea by the Greek author Euripides,â this monolog offers an option in contrast to the conventional female monologs found in exemplary writing. In the play, Medea murders her kids (offstage) and afterward takes off on the chariot of Helios, and keeping in mind that many have contended that this play vilifies ladies, others battle that Medea speaks to literature’s first women's activist champion, a lady who picks her own predetermination in spite of the hand she was managed by the divine beings. Despite the fact that not the typicalâ mother character monolog, Madeas monologueâ is profoundly expressive of the trouble and assortment of the feelings love, misfortune, and vengeance, making it a really great tryout piece for female entertainers who need to pass on their capacity to depict a profundity of complex feelings. Full Text of Medeas Monolog Taken from an English interpretation of the Greek play by Shelley Dean Milmanâ found in The Plays of Euripides in English, vol ii, the accompanying monolog is conveyed by Medea after finding Jason has left her for the princess of Corinth. Upon this acknowledgment that shes been disregarded, Madea endeavors to assume responsibility for her own life and says: O my sons!My children! ye have a city and a houseWhere, abandoning hapless me, withoutA mother ye for ever will reside.But I to different domains an outcast go,Ere any assistance from you I could derive,Or see you fortunate; the hymeneal pomp,The lady of the hour, the amicable lounge chair, for you adorn,And in these hands the fueled light sustain.How vomited am I through my own perverseness!You, O my children, I then futile have nurtured,In vain have drudged, and, squandered with fatigue,Suffered the pregnant ladies terrible throes.On you, in my torments, numerous hopesI established erst: that ye with devout careWould cultivate my mature age, and on the bierExtend me after death-much begrudged lotOf humans; yet these satisfying on edge thoughtsAre disappeared now; for, losing you, a lifeOf harshness and anguish will I lead.But concerning you, my children, with those dear eyesFated no more your mom to behold,Hence are ye rushing to a world unknown.Why do ye look on me with such a loo kOf delicacy, or wherefore grin? for theseAre your last grins. Ok pitiable, vomited me!What will I do? My goals fails.Sparkling with delight now I their looks have seen,My companions, I can no more. To those past schemesI say farewell, and with me from this landMy kids will pass on. For what reason would it be a good idea for me to causeA twofold segment of trouble to fallOn my own head, that I may lament the sireBy rebuffing his children? This will not be:Such directs I excuse. Be that as it may, in my purposeWhat implies this change? Would i be able to lean toward derision,And without any potential repercussions license the foeTo scape? My most extreme mental fortitude I should rouse:For the proposal of these delicate thoughtsProceeds from a debilitate heart. My sons,Enter the great mansion. [Exuent SONS.] As for thoseWho esteem that to be available were unholyWhile I the ordained casualties offer up,Let them make sure. This elevated armShall never contract. Oh! oh dear! my so ulCommit not such a deed. Troubled woman,Desist and extra thy youngsters; we will liveTogether, they in outside domains will cheerThy oust. No, by those avenging fiendsWho abide with Pluto in the domains beneath,This will not be, nor will I ever leaveMy children to be offended by their foes.They absolutely beyond words; at that point they must,I bore and I will kill them: tis a deedResolved on, nor my motivation will I change.Full well I realize that now the illustrious brideWears on her head the enchantment diadem,And in the variegated robe expires:But, rushed on by destiny, I track a pathOf articulate wretchedness, and them will plungeInto one yet progressively pitiful. To my sonsFain would I say: O stretch forward your privilege handsYe youngsters, for your mom to embrace.O dearest hands, ye lips to me most dear,Engaging highlights and candid looks,May ye be fortunate, however in another world;For by the slippery direct of your sireAre ye deprived of this world bestowed.Farewell, sweet kisses-delicate appendages, farewell!And fragrant breath! I never more can bearTo look on you, my kids. My afflictionsHave vanquished me; I presently am well awareWhat violations I adventure on: however rage, the causeOf hardships generally egregious to the human race,Over my better explanation hath won. Indeed, even Euripides counterparts saw the monolog and play as stunning to the Athenian crowds at that point, however this may have stemmed more from the creative freedoms Euripides took in retelling Medeas story-the youngsters truly were said to have been executed by the Corinthians, not by Medea-and the play itself was positioned third of three at the Dionysia Festival where it debuted in 431 B.C.

Generic College Essay Topics

Generic College Essay TopicsGeneric college essay topics are becoming more popular with students. The reason for this is that a generic topic is very easy to write about and someone else has already written about it. It doesn't matter if it is not original as long as it is well researched and comes from a good source.There are many advantages to writing generic college essay topics. The first advantage is you can write about anything. There is no limit on what is going to be researched, and the assignment will be for you to come up with your own opinions about it and write about them.Another benefit is that it is easy to find a good source of information. Many of the essay topics out there were created by someone else or even copied out of a book.Other benefits to writing generic college essay topics are that the person you are writing for will already know what type of material you are going to be studying. This is good because they will know that you have enough knowledge to write about it.Another advantage to writing generic essay topics is that the subject is always interesting. If you are writing a good, well researched essay topic that pertains to a subject that interests you then you will be able to really make an impact. You will also be able to give examples of what you have researched about that specific topic.Many students find writing generic essay topics to be very easy. They do not have to worry about a topic being too hard or too easy. If they do not feel like they are comfortable with the topic they will simply move on to something else.The best way to write a good and professional grade is to make sure that you research the topic properly and use a reliable source of information. A good essay must have proven references as well as good, thorough research.Having your grade depends on how well researched is not a good way to get the grade you want. When you research a topic you will be able to come up with different ideas that you can use in your essay. This will give you an advantage over the other student who does not do his or her homework.

The, Hills Like White Elephants, And A Good Man Essay

Have you ever read a book and had to read it again because you did not know what the heck it means? Have you ever thought the book was all a figure of speech? A metaphor is a figure of speech and for the books â€Å"Metamorphism†, â€Å"Hills like White Elephants†, and â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† all reoccur a metaphor threw out the pages. These books discuss a reoccurring theme of metaphors by their hidden metaphorical message that will make a reader read again to understand the book. The metaphors that reoccur in the story are outraged for â€Å"Metamorphism†, abortion for â€Å"Hills like White Elephants†, and impetuous for â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†. â€Å"Metamorphosis’s† protagonist Gregory had a â€Å"transformation† turning him into an insect which metaphors being fed up or in other words outraged. Gregory has a silent outrage towards his job. He never took an opportunity of being late for his job or doing the easiest trick in the book, calling in sick. With his boss coming in to his house, because of being late to his job once, Gregory became outraged over his boss strict ways. Gregory’s repetitive life builds up a storm of outrage waiting to happen. Gregory is outraged for doing so much for the family by only sleeping and working most of his life which becomes very repetitive for him. The repetitive sleeping and working will obviously not let Gregory have a social life and outrages him. Gregory feels unaccomplished and it makes him outraged. Working and sleeping outrages Gregory and feels heShow MoreRelatedCompare/Contrast: A Good Man Is Hard to Find with Hills Like White Elephants917 Words   |   4 PagesCompare/Contrast: Good Man with Hills Currently, a plethora of outstanding stories have been written. What makes a story, though? The answer is the elements that the author includes into his or her writing, such as symbolism and imagery. Hills like White Elephants, written by Ernest Hemingway, and A Good Man is Hard to Find, written by Flannery OConnor, are just two examples of admirable work. Each writer incorporated plenty of elements to improve the story. Since the amountRead MoreEvaluation Argument Hills Like White Elephants1388 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Ernest Hemingway: Hills Like White Elephants A white elephant is an idiom for a valuable but burdensome possession, but also it means a rare and sacred creature. In Ernest Hemingway’s short story Hills Like White Elephants, Hemingway uses an unborn child as a white elephant. This short story depicts a couple of an American man and young women at a train station somewhere in Spain. Hemingway tells the story from watching the couple from across the bar and listening to their troublesome conversationRead Moreâ€Å"the Lottery† and â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† Essay881 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† and â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† Regardless of the type of society people live in controversial topics and cowardly individuals can create conflict. The stories â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson and â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† by Ernest Hemingway implement this concept. â€Å"The Lottery† is about a small town that holds an annual lottery in which the winner will be killed. â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† is the story of a couple’s discussion over the decision they must make of whether orRead MoreCritical Analysis of the Short Story ‘Hills Like White Elephants’ by Ernest Hemingway.1497 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of the short story ‘Hills like White Elephants’ by Ernest Hemingway. Word Count: 1367 Hills like White Elephants – Ernest Hemingway â€Å"Will Jig have the abortion and stay with the man; will Jig have the abortion and leave the man; or will Jig not have the abortion and win the man over to her point of view?† (Hashmi, N, 2003). These are the three different scenarios that have been seriously considered in Ernest Hemingway’s short story, â€Å"Hills like White Elephants†. Ernest Hemingway is aRead MoreHills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway1446 Words   |  6 PagesErnest Hemingway’s short story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† explores the topics of abortion, sex before marriage, and feelings of separation. There are many different points of view one can take on Hemingway’s work. The main literary analysis that will be explained is the significance of the title and how it is layered into the story in various places. In addition to this, the narrator’s point of view will also be discussed since it plays a role in bringing the characters together. Lastly, it willRead MoreEssay On Abortion In Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants900 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"If she chooses the barren solution, the girl knows that she will never again have a chance at choosing happiness† (Teaching the Culture of Life: Hills Like White Elephants). â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† goes in depth on a relationship where one partner wants an abortion and the other is questioning the abortion, the relationship, and their future together. Jig is confronted with a life altering decision. She can have the abortion and try to stay with her partner in a dry and barren relationshipRead More Comparing Hills Like White Elephans by Ernest Hemingway and Babylon Revisited by F. Scott Fitzgerald1562 Words   |  7 PagesComparing Hills Like White Elephans by Ernest Hemingway and Babylon Revisited by F. Scott Fitzgerald At first glance it seems that the two short stories â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† by Ernest Hemingway and â€Å"Babylon Revisited† by F. Scott Fitzgerald have absolutely nothing in common other than beingRead MoreHills Like White Elephants: My Interpretation of the Play Essay examples1329 Words   |  6 PagesThis short story is about a couple arguing about abortion. The girl, Jig, does not want to, but the American man says that it is the only thing between them. The girl wants to continue on with her life of exploring the world with the addition of the baby, but the man says that it would take the world away from them. The man has experience in this, but the woman seems not to. She is reluctant, and does not want to talk about it any more after a point. There are many elements in the story, such asRead MoreThe Hills Like White Elephants1143 Words   |  5 PagesAfter reading â€Å"The H ills like White Elephants,† I discovered that there are a lot of interpretations that could be made to accompany this story. The story takes place at a bar across from a Spanish railroad crossing. The story states that there is no shade or trees, and that the hills are white. The story does not provide a plethora of information on the characters, it rather just jumps right into the story, leaving a lot to the imagination on how they got there. I do believe that this is done onRead More Comparing Male and Female Relationships in Cat in The Rain and Hills Like White Elephants by Hemingway1039 Words   |  5 PagesComparing Male and Female Relationships in Cat in The Rain and Hills Like White Elephants by Hemingway This relationship is examined closely in two short stories. The stories, Cat in The Rain, and Hills Like White Elephants, both show a man and a woman in what seems to be a quiet and passive moment. However in both stories, Hemingway carefully uses imagery and subtlety to convey to the reader that the relationship in the story is flawed, and is quite clearly dysfunctional. Both male characters

Effective Communication in the Workplace Essay - 1220 Words

Communication Barriers in the Workplace Communication barriers in the workplace can have a serious effect on the functioning and of an organization. In the following article we shall understand what some of these communication barriers are and how to overcome them. Ads by Google Improve Communication Our NLP Training Program Helps You Overcome Your Fears. Enroll Today! www.EasyNLP.com/ Conflict Management How much is conflict costing you? Assessment, Training, Coaching www.StrategicLeadershipCoaching.com Cultural Communication Know Cross-Cultural Communication Etiquette From Terri Morrison! www.KissBowShakeHands.com Communication is the key to most problems in the world. And problems, they follow you everywhere. So†¦show more content†¦With globalization, there is bound to be cultural diversity in the workplace, and while we know the intercultural communication, it could also lead to communication barriers. Several factors such as religion, body language, personal space, status and hierarchy, gender roles and personal appearance are influenced by the culture that one belongs to and this could lead to miscommunication at many fronts. Overcoming communication barriers in the workplace is not possible if one does not know what is causing them. To avoid further problems of miscommunication, one should understand the importance of communication in the workplace and strive to achieve it. Only then can one hope to eradicate the problems in the workplace and achieve a healthy and successful working environment. By Rujuta Borkar Published: 10/5/2010 Ads by Google Employee Communications Display Charts, Memos, Issues Better Motivate your Employees TheMarlinCompany.com Effective Communication Tips For Effective Communication. The Latest Hot Topics! www.LifeScript.com Give feedback to anyone write short, civil, anonymous notes that everyone can read www.fastnote.com Verizon Best Price Online Business Fast Internet As Low As $24.99/Month Free Equipment! Verizon.com/SmallBusiness How To Resolve Conflict A Valuable Tool to Resolve Conflict Try Our Free Online Course Today VolunteerMinisters.org PCI - Management Training Leadership andShow MoreRelatedEffective Workplace Communication1336 Words   |  6 PagesListening and Effective Workplace Communication James Humes, a former presidential speech writer, stated that, the art of communication is the language of leadership (Leading Thoughts, 2010). 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They can be your family, friends, colleagues or even strangersRead MoreEffective Communication For The Workplace950 Words   |  4 Pages Someone once said great communication is a skill that is needed in life. I believe great communication can take an individual very far in life. Effective communication helps connect with people. It can open many doors for many jobs. It lets the employer know whom they have hired, and how intelligent the person really is. In the business profession, effective communication enables managers to give understandable instructions to their employees. Effective communication will help state what is expectedRead MoreEffective Communication in a Workplace635 Words   |  3 PagesEffective communication in a business Student’s Name: Professor’s Name: Institution: Date of Submission: Describe a time when you experienced effective communication in a business environment. 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A leader must be able to strategically communicate with their employees, as well as overcome any communication barriers, in order to achieve a high-performance rate in the workplace. An example of a scenario that requires diplomatic communication, in my case, is a loss of work ethic amongst team members. Communication Strategies Communication

American Foreign Policy American Civilization Progressed

Until the end of the twentieth century Americas policy towards war was to stay neutral. We stayed out of other governments battles and we avoided war. The United States did not force our ideals on any foreign governments. The US did not want to be the bully who forces countries into having freedom and independence. This noninterventionist America, devoted to solving its own problems and developing its own civilization, became the wonder of the world. People were compelled to come to this wonderful country and share in the freedoms it enjoys. Between 1898 and 1919, trade and cultural exchange flourished, as American civilization progressed and we became an economic powerhouse. American traditions in government were broke with the†¦show more content†¦President Woodrow Wilson called for a war in Germany to make the world safe for democracy. (McKinley). This would be an effort to establish principles for all nations to follow, which could be otherwise referred to as Am erican principles. The world needed to be made safe for all and the threat of constant war and the taking away of peoples liberties led the US to enter the war. Wilson was worried that if the US did not get involved in the war then Germany would win and be a threat to the Western Hemishphere. Americans feared that the British navy would be destructed and this would pose a threat to the USs security (America). During this time America felt as though they needed to prove to the world that their way of governing was the best and should be the only way. The spread of democracy was a major priority for America. We wanted the world to share in our ideals, which would eventually benefit the US. I feel as though the US was acting in their own interests. The important issues were that the US was secure and had a stableShow MoreRelated Americas Policy Towards War Essay examples837 Words   |  4 PagesAmericas Policy Towards War Until the end of the twentieth century America’s policy towards war was to stay neutral. We stayed out of other governments battles and we avoided war. The United States did not force our ideals on any foreign governments. The US did not want to be the bully who forces countries into having freedom and independence. This noninterventionist America, devoted to solving its own problems and developing its own civilization, became the wonder of the world. People wereRead MoreAmerican Imperialism Then and Now: Diffusion of the American Culture1337 Words   |  6 Pagespart of the American identity. Finding the new was important to a growing country in the early 1800’s. St. Jean de Crà ¨vecoeur described the American as â€Å"a new man, who acts upon new principles; he must therefore entertain new ideas, and form new opinions† (Crà ¨vecoeur 3). Manifest Destiny, a term popularized by John O’Sullivan, describes the social push by the United States to span its boarders from east coast to west coast. This would indoctrinate people all across the U.S. in the â€Å"American Way†, whichRead MorePresident Franklin Delano Roosevelt s Impact On Human Society1298 Words   |  6 PagesThe forces of nature are strong. Wind, water, earth, and fire all have the power to raze mountains, carve canyons, and even alter civilizations. Even now, people fear that a giant earthquake will destroy a large part of America. However, there is another force that has an impact on human society that is greater than all the other parts of nature combined, people themselves. Every individual has goals and most people try to reach their goals. Some are big; some are small, but almost all goals requireRead MoreJapan: A Modern Day Nation Essays1445 Words   |  6 Pageswar, and from possessing military power other than the minimum necessary to defend the nation. This, along with the Reverse Course. This helped Japan move more towards a modern democracy by having its foreign policy based around its relationship with the US, which set Japan as a beacon of US policy in Asia (Goto-Jones, 97). Joint to Japan’s progression with modernity through history is the new found knowledge and technology that developed. When the Westerners arrived with their technology of theRead MoreThe Nations Within Our Nation Essay1435 Words   |  6 PagesWithin Our Nation Native Americans within the United States are the aboriginal population of the land. America was not a vacuum domicillium (empty landscape) when explorers arrived—that was just a statement tool used to justify the mass genocide and conquests that occurred after colonization (Welch 9). There were millions of Native peoples that populated this land with preexisting political structures and tribal relations of their own. In today s time, the Native American people are not fully freeRead MoreComparative Essay1096 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Heart of Darkness† takes place in the Belgian colony in Congo, in the heart of Africa. This colony was set in order to extract ivory from animals such as elephants or rhinoceros. But there was another important aim: carrying the light of European civilization, â€Å"civilized the savage†. On the other hand, â€Å"Apocalypse Now† is set during the Vietnam War, in Nung River in Cambodia. United States became involved in the conflict because its policymakers feared the spread of communism. China and much of EasternRead MoreThe United States And Foreign Policy Essay4400 Words   |  18 Pagesargued that after the First World War, American hegemony led a path for a liberalized world, where cooperation and harmonious institutions unit the world. However, the United States historically has never been this type of hegemonic leader. Rather from their conception as a nation they had a foreign policy which isolated them from foreign affairs of the world, from President Washington to President Glover no president had initiated a war that was not on American soil or for their state s survival.Read MoreFdr : Champion Of Freedom2814 Words   |  12 PagesBased on the life, domestic and foreign policies, presidency, and overall influence of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Black believes Roosevelt to be one, if not the greatest Chief Executive in American history. Roosevelt’s many accomplishments as President of the United States ensure his place in American history. He transformed the American nation into the modern welfare state known today, enabling the United States to better care for its citizens. Roosevelt led American opinion from profound isolationismRead MoreEssay on Plowing New Soil with World Agriculture2585 Words   |  11 PagesPlowing New Soil with World Agriculture Since agriculture began to be developed nearly 10,000 years ago, people throughout the world have discovered the food value of wild plants and animals, and domesticated and bred them (Early Civilization). Today, people go to the market or grocery store to pick up cereal, rice, bread, meat, fruit, vegetables, and olives. People hardly ever think of where the food generally comes from. Most of the food that is found in the grocery store wouldnt beRead MoreImagine a land, untouched by modern civilization, its resources untapped, its plants grow wild and3300 Words   |  14 PagesImagine a land, untouched by modern civilization, its resources untapped, its plants grow wild and its animals roam free. It is the last Ice Age, and much of the planet’s water supply is locked up in sheets of ice spanning across the globe. A land bridge by the name of Beringia has emerged from the depths of the Bering Sea, and what was once a foreign land is now the setting for thousands of years of discovery, settlement, and the birth of the country we now call the United States of America. The

Application of Principal Agent Relationship

Question: Discuss about the Application of Principal Agent Relationship. Answer: Introduction An agency is a type of a relationship that exists between two individuals. That is the agent and the principal. The primary purpose of the agent is to create contracts with a third party on behalf of the principal (Adamson, Morrison, 2016). In any case, a third party could be an employee or just an independent contractor. For example, in a supermarket, the cashier executes transactions on behalf of the supermarket. Actually, the customer doesnt enter into the contact with the cashier, but the contract is the between the customer and the supermarket. This study examines two different cases. In the first place, the study would look at a case where a de facto relationship is presumed to create an agency. The second one is an analysis of a case where an employee drags the employer to a case through apparent authority. This issue takes us to the root of the agency by presumption. Stone in (Stone, 2005) explained this agency as the agency that arises wherever a man and a woman are living together in a household. In (Campbell Dennis, 2009, p 56) the study found that two parties can create an agency by presumption or cohabitation. This type is agency exists through presumption that if a man and a woman are living in a de facto relationship, the woman is presumed to be an agent and can pledge the mans credit for necessaries. The same case would work for Rodney and Penelope. Rodney would be presumed to have the authority from Penelopes in acquiring the house necessaries so that both of them can keep up with their social status. Notably, necessaries are things like food, medical attention, and clothing. All things considered, these are mainly things that help in keeping their familys social status standing (Miss Gray Ltd .v Earl Cathcart, 1922). Another point to note is that the presumption of the agency only exists in the cases of cohabitation but not in marriage. After all, there is also a chance for invalidating this agency. For example, the husband can refute the authority if he expressly Had forbidden the wife from pledging credit. Had warned the supplier from supplying the goods to the wife. If wife already had sufficient supply of the goods earlier The wife had be provided with enough allowance to purchase such goods When the order was in excess even though it was necessary. However, if the husband had been paying for the bills to one supplier, the presumed agency of the wife will withstand and the only chance to escape liability is expressly warning the supplier. So to avoid paying for this $2500 microwave, Penelope should have warned the supermarket. So he doesnt have a choice rather than just pay. Adams Suing MODO after Dismissing the Lease A contract formed by an agent with a third party is as binding as when made with the principal under the doctrine of apparent authority (Carper, McKinsey, West, 2007). The same case applies to MODO sending Tim to search for an office but instead he exceed to acquiring a lease agreement. The main issue here is that Tim represented MODO to Adam, he made Adam believe that he has been sent to represent him in all the matters including entering into a contract. Apparent authority can be actual, expressed or implied, Plus, it could also happen by estoppel. Concerning this case, this study will lean towards apparent authority, the authority that Tim had and misused to an extent of drawing MODO to the case. Markedly, if it happens that the third party will rely on that representation; its no doubt that the principal will then be bound by any of the actions of the agent. So, MODO would be bound by the lease agreement, and this is because Tim made Adam believe that the Tim was there on behalf of Modo. In (Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council v Racing UK Ltd, 2005), the court ruled that Mr Sanderson had apparent authority to bind the council the the contract. The case applies to MODO, Tim had apparent authority to bind MONDO to the agreement. For the sake of efficiency in transaction, there would be a demand to overlook the limits to express or implied authority. In other words, the law of agency should not be limited to only cases where the principal and agent relationship exist formally on the basis of either explicit or implied instructions. This one is the exact need to have apparent authority to substantially decrease the costs that would arise if inquiries have to be made to the principal every time a transaction is needed that where its terms are not included with the actual authority (Jones, Sufrin, 2016). However, the understanding of apparent authority has been battling with the misconduct of the agents. There are instances where an agent through apparent authority has committed fraud or mistakes drawing the principal into the suit. Nevertheless, the courts have always reasoned to prevent the misconduct of the agent from enrichment and fraud as in In (Skandinaviska Enskilda v. Asia Pacific Breweries, 2011). In this case, the Court quashed the reasoning that the defendants finance director had apparent authority to undertake the money that the plaintiff had given him. Role Of Apparent Authority To Establishing The Scope Of The Agents Power To Bind The Principal With Third Parties The agents action can totally bind the principal to a third party even though the apparent authority is not bona fide express or implied (Baze, 2015). The main reason is that the law of agency functions in the scope where trust in transactional activities is paramount. In the modern business world, the primary purpose of agency relationships is creating an efficient way through which a corporation can function and enter into business contracts. As a result, the law of agency has evolved to create the concept of apparent authority. This doctrine enables an agent who seems to have authority the capabilities of binding the principal, and in particular where the third party enters into a contract with the agent believing that the principal conferred such authority to the agency. This reasoning was held in (Ermoian v. Desert Hospital, 2007) where the court held that In the medical context, vicarious liability has been extended to a hospital entity under a theory of ostensible agency for t he acts of nonemployee physicians who perform services on hospital premises For instance, a case can happen where agent wont be authorized to sell an item on behalf of the principal. However, prior to the principals withdrawing the authority to sell, he had been allowing his agents to act for him by selling, including selling to the third party. Also, the third party has the knowledge that the principal had been allowing the agents to sell in the past. This past conduct deprives the third party a chance to an assumption that the agent doesn't have the authority to sell. In such a situation, a proper conclusion is that there is no actual authority for the agents to sell, but there may be authority due to the previous conduct of the principal in allowing them to sell. Apparent authority can arise in the cases where an agency relationship expired, but the third party doesn't have such knowledge. It can also arise after the termination or limitation of actual authority, yet the principal didn't communicate effectively (Kleinberger, 2008). Still, an apparent authority may occur even where there has been an established agency relationship forged between the agent and principal. In law, ostensible authority originates from estoppel (Ghaly, Wilken, 2012), but there are still substantial differences to distinguish the two. The concept of apparent authority allegedly comes into force to protect third parties. A valued explanation of this point is derived from (Bevans, 2007, p. 29) where the study stated that when a principal creates an impression that someone is empowered to act on his or her behalf, when, in reality, that person has no such authorization, the courts will intervene and supply the missing elements of the agency relationship. Courts have created the doctrine of apparent authority in order to prevent principals from escaping the obligations that they have created. Under this theory, a principal will be bound by the authority that he or she apparently transferred to the agent, even if this transfer was never actually completed. In the establishment of estoppels that would aid in apparent authority, the law would require the following reasons. The first one is a representation from the principal by words or conduct that the agent has authority. This fact was applied in (Rama Corp Ltd v. Proved tin General Inv. Ltd, 1952). In this case, the court laid out all the fundamentals that lead to the apparent authority using the concept of estoppels. By and large, the court provided that three features for the apparent authority to exist. In (Baskind, 2015), the law require the principal to make the representation either by word or conduct contemplated to be acted upon, proof of reliance, and change of the legal position of the third party. The second one is that the principal must make the representation to the third party. Thirdly, the third party must prove that it relied on the misrepresentation hence it entered into the contract. After establishing the three conditions, it would be no doubt that the principal w ill be estopped from disputing the agency. Ultimately, its vital to note that the appearance of authority must have arisen from the principal's previous conducts. That is to say; no agent can create a representation without the principal's previous conduct and expect to bind the principal to the dealing as held in (Sigma Cable (Pte) Ltd v NEI Parsons Ltd, 1992) Concussion The purpose of this paper was to simplify the main principles of apparent authority. The goal was to outline of the creation and aspect of the said authority to bring out a better understanding. Therefore, there is always a need for agents to act with diligence and credibility to maintain their good relationship with the principal. Also, it can help in preventing the burden of cases when the third party sues the principal. References Adamson, J., Morrison, A. (2016). Law for Business and Personal Use (19th ed., p. 387). Cengage Learning. Stone, R. (2005). The modern law of contract. London: Cavendish. Campbell, D., Dennis, E.C. (2009). International Agency and Distribution Law: Lulu Enterprises Incorporated. Carper, D., McKinsey, J., West, B. (2007) Understanding the Law. Cengage Learning Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council v. Racing UK Ltd EWCA, Civ 999 (2005) Ermoian v. Desert Hospital 61 Cal. Rptr. 3d 754 (Cal. Rptr. 3d 754 ,2007) Rama Corp Ltd v. Proved tin General Inv Ltd, 2 QB 147, (1952) Skandinaviska Enskilda v Asia Pacific Breweries, 3 SLR 540. (2011) Sigma Cable (Pte) Ltd v NEI Parsons Ltd, 2 SLR 1087 (1992). Miss Gray Ltd V Earl Cathcart (1922) 38 TLR 562 Jones, A., Sufrin, B. (2016). EU competition law (6th ed., p. 753). Oxford, United Kingdom, UK: Oxford University Press. Baze, D. (2015). Common Law Of Agency. Supplemental Chapter For Oklahoma Real Estate Principles, 9. https://dx.doi.org/405-361-4602 Kleinberger, D. (2008). Agency, partnerships, and LLCs (3rd ed., p. 34). New York, NY: Aspen Publishers. Ghaly, K., Wilken, S. (2012). The law of waiver, variation and estoppel (3rd ed., p. 329). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bevans, N. (2007). Business organizations and corporate law (3rd ed., p. 29). Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning. Baskind, E. (2015). Commercial law (1st ed., p. 176). Oxford University Press.

Advocacy Activities

Advocacy Activities Introduction Advocacy refers to actions that articulate in favor of, advocate, contend for a cause, and implore on behalf of others. It is a continuous process whose objective is changing outlooks, actions, principles and laws. This is done by impacting people and corporations with power, procedures and frameworks at distinct levels for the improvement of people affected matters of poverty. Advocacy activities entail a current, actual action on the part of vigorous, nonprofit groups’ worldwide.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Advocacy Activities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is used to achieve sustainable transformation. It is also used to eliminate structural sources of poverty so as to promote larger parts of the society through program pursuits. Advocacy actions are based on reinforcing and empowering unfortunate and marginalized associations or persons. Advocacy work trains communities via shared enc ounters, examples learnt and illustrates what actions function best. This enables the community members to carry out fantastic developmental activities in their society (Strolovitch 322). Discussion An advocacy activity that will be discussed in my situation is based on a program on the radio and television. This advocacy activity is aimed at reinforcing the comprehension of and concentration given to justifications and obligations associated with HIV/AIDS. It offers a forum for supporters and policy makers to engage into conversations and debate present issues in the community. To ensure that the community has participated in advocacy programme, they should be educated about this program, analyze their missions and objectives and then collaborate with the society. All parties entailed in this collaboration should be prepared to carry out movements and fight for change. The structure for the HIV/AIDS advocacy strategy will entail eight vital elements. This include clearly stated iss ues, well planned objectives, well assessed environment, recognized stakeholders, key messages, well chosen approaches and tools, execution plan and indicators for supervision and assessment (Ross 60). Formulation of objectives During this step, the objectives together with the expected outcomes will be defined. The advocacy objective, in this situation, is to decrease the spread of AIDS and encourage those already affected to lead a positive life. It is required that this objective states what exactly is to be changed and after how long this will be achieved. It should define whether the society needs extra resources and whether they want to develop or change a principle. The objective and its remedy should not be so wide or remote that the partners are likely to become devastated. Persons and associations are likely to join an advocacy programme if they see a high probability of success in this programme.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is beneficial to be always aware of persons and organizations that are likely to strengthen your objective. For instance, in the HIV programme, those already affected and relatives of the victims are more likely to give support. Potential hostility to the advocacy programme efforts should also be put into consideration. The objective should be stated in quantifiable terms and within an anticipated limit. A good objective of an advocacy strategy should be smart. This means that it should be precise, measurable, oriented on action, reasonable and time bound. Following formulation, the objective should be analyzed based on how it satisfies a given criterion (Strolovitch 322). Channels and Tools for Reaching the Audience The channels and tools, which will be, used for the intended audience in this HIV Programme include stakeholder evaluation, persuasion practices and media. Persuasion tools will involve urg ing, petitioning, discussions, conciliations and conflict resolutions among the people. The use of media as a tool will involve the use of press meetings, fact and background slips, media packets and radio and television shows. Stakeholder evaluation as a tool will involve the identification and categorization of the potential stakeholders. This will be done so as to know the peoples interests based on the HIV issue (Lubet 415). Results that should be expected as evidence of success In this HIV program, certain results are expected as measures of success. The percentage of total health financial plan allocated to HIV/AIDS is the first indicator. This designates the victory of advocacy in securing finances for executing the HIV programme. Another indicator is the percentage contribution of the authority, the private sector and society in the HIV programme. This designates success of advocacy in acquiring national dedication to addressing HIV issues. Contribution of the sector of heal th budget to be paid for the HIV/AIDS programme is the last indicator. This designates the significance attached to the enhancement of behavior change for health amongst the public (Selby 302). Advocacy M E Part Advocacy is interrelated with communication for societal modification as a way of building the capability of the civil community. This is achieved by supporting the community to deal with and challenge present principles and practices that result to poverty and unfairness. HIV in this case leads to poverty. It should be made certain knowledge of and dedication among policymakers, programme administrators, staff and other shareholders.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Advocacy Activities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The countrywide HIV communication plan involves a HIV ME interaction and advocacy strategy. ME is clearly referenced in nationwide HIV principles and the countrywide strategic policy. ME suppo rters are recognized among officials of high degree. This dynamically approves ME actions. Advocacy actions are executed based on the HIV ME advocacy strategy. ME tools are available to a different audience and reinforce information sharing and utilization. It is, therefore, indispensable to set straight ME, generate an encouraging ME culture, and decrease any adverse implications of ME. A consultation and advocacy plan for ME can assist to attain these objectives. The plan should be multi dimensional, with personalized messages for varying audiences. National ME technique is not for the authority alone. It is helpful to all stakeholders in the HIV retort. ME promotes transparency and requires an open environment to function sufficiently. The plan of communication and advocacy in a nations HIV strategy should be incorporated to make sure that ME is utilized in all HIV works (Ross 106). Conclusion The module definition of advocacy is a standardized, and a universal concept since advo cacy is best perceived to strengthen national population and objectives of well being of the society. In every community, there are persons, societies and corporations that via their actions have made a positive impact on people’s lives. For instance, the HIV programme has had a positive impact on the community. The HIV advocacy programme has increased awareness and has suggested resolutions among the public including verdict makers, professionals, the media and the society affected. The advocacy programme in this situation has actively enhanced the prevention of the HIV transmission by involving people in its development. Advocacy is, therefore, crucial in enhancing public well being all over the world. It has been used to create concentration and improve health services. It, therefore, benefits the community by protecting the health fitness of the members (Lubet 415). Lubet, Steven. Modern trial advocacy: analysis and practice .South Bend: National Institute for Trial Advo cacy, 2004. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ross, David. Advocacy. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Print. Selby, Hugh. Advocacy: preparation and performance. Annandale: Federation Press, 2009. Print. Strolovitch, Dara .Affirmative advocacy: race, class, and gender in interest group. .Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Print.

Where the mind is without fear Essays

Where the mind is without fear Essays Where the mind is without fear Essay Where the mind is without fear Essay Where the mind is without fear summary? Answer: It has been more than sixty years since we became independent but yet we are enslaved by fear. A fear that refuses to let go, a fear that has become habitual to us and a fear that dominates our minds. We have the fear of getting lost. So we dont take the risk of venturing out too far. We are afraid of taking the road less traveled. That is why most of the parents want their children to become doctors, engineers or lawyers but not painters, scientists or writers. We sometimes refuse to forsake our comfort zones even though we have an opportunity to make it big. We have the fear of being ridiculed or laughed at. Remember, every new idea is at first ridiculed, then criticized and finally accepted. We never want to try something new. We are free to take risks. What if we fail? What if we dont make it? Professionals had built the Titanic, whereas it was amateurs who built the Noshs ark. Decide for yourself, which fared better. We Indians are afraid of our own culture and traditions. We would all ouch our parents feet at home, but when abroad, in front of foreigners, we would think twice before doing so. We all want to race towards modernity, but how will a person who has forgotten his own traditions get accustomed to a foreign culture? The Yoga buzz took over the world and that is when we began appreciating the science of it, otherwise it would have been buried Just as many other ancient traditions before it. The Karakul system of education in India was one of the finest and was dedicated to the highest ideal of physical, spiritual and mental development. But today education is our biggest worry, as most of our population remains illiterate. We are afraid to question things and accept them as it is. Sitting under the tree, if Newton hadnt questioned as to why the apple fell on his head, we would not have been able to invent the plane. In school, where most of us received our education, we learnt to cram things without delving deep into them. All of us were taught in school that it was Natural Goods who assassinated Mahatma Gandhi, but how many of us questioned as to why he did it? And how many of our school teachers knew the answer. A fool wonders, a wise man asks. Next, we have the fear of taking responsibility. We would rather hide behind other people when the time to accept responsibility comes up. We blame the system, the politicians, the bureaucracy and the corrupt babes. But we overlook the fact as to who made them corrupt. It is we who chose the politicians and it is we who are the system. When returning from office, you blame the infrastructure for the Jam-packed roads. Other Articles by Devise Restaurants Royals win inaugural PILL Medias love for ore wells Was Marina Khan the biggest loser in the Pakistan elections? Gujarat: Indians industrial hub Heartwarming story of a Caddie-turned-Golfer more >> But as the Lead India campaign says, You are really never part of a traffic Jam, you are the traffic Jam. Lastly, we are ashamed of being called Indians though we all are. When some of us go to chat online as anonymous users, we would choose to say we are from Canada or California but not from Kola. We would pass out of Its (Indian Institutes of Technology) and alms (Indian Institutes of Management) and receive rimier league players by heart, but we wouldnt know any Indian Hockey player apart from maybe Danna Pillar. Fear is a temporary state of the mind and can be overcome by positive thinking. We Indians would have to let go off all these fears and take off. Only those who risk going far can find out how far one can go. Fear is the main source of superstition, and one of the main sources of cruelty. To conquer fear is the beginning of wisdom. And once that fear is conquered, our mind could be led into ever widening thought and action, into that heaven of freedom.

Personal statement on going to graduate school for speech pathology Essay

Personal statement on going to graduate school for speech pathology - Essay Example I am fascinated and want to become a professional. I am confident that as a person I am suitable for admission to the program since, in addition to the interest and motivation, I am highly dedicated, patient, and love to work with children in every way. It is also as a result of this tremendous love for children and for working with them, that I have been exposed to the levels of speech disorders with which many of them are challenged and the need to be appropriately trained and certified in order to effectively assist them and persons associated with them, and to address their needs. I am aware of the fact that the field is not a superficial one as the issues to be addressed are profound and varied, ranging from the sociological, to the biological and economic, if not political, to name a few. However, I am capable of successfully pursuing graduate studies in this area because I have successfully completed undergraduate studies with a GPA of 3.0, and I have scored 700 on my GRE. Besides, I know that studying at the Masters level requires a lot of research, independent work, and a higher level of thinking and analysis. The student at this level must be self-directed, and I know that I possess such capabilities.

Events and banqueting managments in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Events and banqueting managments in UK - Essay Example The services that should complement banqueting are good crockery, good lighting facilities and excellent and trained staff to serve the food. This type of service provisions provide total satisfaction to the customers and bring returning customers to the company. At another place, we found out that many companies make the banquet too formal and food that they offer do not match the type of event. At other times, the crockery does not match the type of food and the kind of guests that have to attend the function. It is very important for the waiters to understand how corporate meals are held and what kind of decorations is required. Many clients complained that the banqueting companies do not understand the corporate rule of solids to the right and liquid to the left. The glass for drinks should be on the left and plates should be on the right side of the table. If banqueting companies understand these rules and provide excellent services to customers, they are likely to increase thei r clientage. The future of banqueting relies a great deal on ergonomics. Many companies are putting more and more emphasis of comfort of guests. In the recent times, a lot of emphasis has been put on the ergonomic banquet chair.

Culture Essay Example for Free

Culture Essay First it would be profitable to try to define culture; for a cultural studies researcher not only it includes traditional high culture (the culture of ruling social groups) and popular culture but according to Raymond Williams also everyday meanings and practices. As stated in Matthew Arnold? s Culture and Anarchy culture is â€Å"the disinterested endeavor after mans perfection†. It was James Clifford in â€Å"Collecting art and culture† that defended that what we gather for culture is not always the same because objects of study vary according to power discourses which define the value of the studied object. This being said, it is commonly known that we live in a time of consumption, so naturally art is seen from that perspective. Theodor Adorno defends culture is being sold as you would with commodities. The autonomy of works of art is eliminated by the culture industry they become bound to be trade as commodities. In a Marxist view, he defends that those who control the means of production, essentially control the culture. Adorno approaches the spheres of mass culture in a simplistic way, production (industry) and reception (consumption) – strip away individuality. Adorno also distinguishes high / low art. He says that high art has been diminished by speculation about its efficacy†.. In this sense, high culture would be the art worth of serious academic study while low culture would be the culture of the masses. Walter Benjamin speaks about the way we define art is determined not by ideas but by theories. He reflects on what art is and the way it is being altered by technical means. W. Benjamin starts his essay by quoting Paul Valery: â€Å"our fine arts were developed by men whose power of action upon things was insignificant in comparison with ours† – so it is something questionable. In addition, Valery states that the idea of Beautiful is constantly changing due to the growth in techniques and their precision. Benjamin corroborates this view by pointing out that techniques of representation detach the reproduced object from the domain of tradition and mass movements are responsible for this, especially the film. Although in his essay he states that the film operator captures the image at the speed of an actor? s speech, thus showing us things we have never been able to notice before, like a gesture decomposed in several fractions of a second, it also manipulates masses – its ultimate purpose is profit. The reproduction of works of art and the art of the film have had a huge impact on in its traditional form, as Benjamin puts it. Who hasn? t experienced this first-hand? Calling forward the example of painting, Benjamin points out that without its reproduction it would not be accessible to so many, we will have to dislocate in order to be able to contemplate the original work . But copies diminish the importance of the work of art. For example a symphony was trivialized â€Å"from an auditory to the drawing room†. This calls to question the authority of the object. Copies of a work of art made it commodity. Without realizing the painter was selling them to earn a living, although his ulterior motive was the artistic side of it. But it became a commodity nonetheless. According to both texts there is no high culture today and little remains in the sense it was first created. W. Benjamin states that high culture always had a cult component and it was bound by it. Statues were made to be contemplated in temples, mosaics in churches. Works of art like statues and mosaics that cannot be mechanical reproduced thus maintained their authenticity – â€Å"they are first and foremost related to cult value. When a work of art is related to exhibition value it loses its aura because by reproducing the uniqueness of every reality we destroy the aura. According to Benjamin high art would be the works of art that have an aura and can maintain their distance. If such a distance is not kept then true authenticity is questioned. An analysis of contemporary life sheds some light in this question. It brings us closer to every manifestation of art. He also states that contemporary literature is being undervalued. There is a thin dividing line between reader and writer. Virtually any reader can become a writer, once again closeness is implied.

Ellen Foster :: Free Essays

Kaye Gibbons, the author of the novel Ellen Foster, believes that a quote from the Emerson’s â€Å"Self Reliance† is connected with Ellen’s struggle to survive and find her way in the world. The first line of this quote says, â€Å"Cast the bantling on the rocks† is related to Ellen herself. A bantling is an abandoned child. Ellen is a bantling even though she was not abandoned, she was deprived of a normal childhood. Her life as a child was extremely hard, physically and emotionally. She never had a mother or father take care of her through her entire youth. You could say that her childhood was â€Å"cast on the rocks†. The last line reads, â€Å"Power and speed be hands and feet†. This reminds me of how Ellen ran from her problems at home and stayed away from her house as much as possible. The line also represents strength and Ellen was a strong person. She dealt with losing a mother, father and grandmother within one year. She never even h ad a good relationship with her father or grandmother. The short inscription to â€Å"Self Reliance† is almost a short summary of Ellen’s character. In it, a child without parents is raised by someone that is a lot different than she is. After Ellen’s mother died, she is unwillingly left with her alcoholic father who mistreats her. Ellen spent a lot of time at her friend, Starletta’s house and at the house of her grandmother. Life with her grandmother was no better than life with her father. She did not want to be in either situation. After living with her grandmother, Ellen’s struggle to find a suitable, comforting home comes to an end. For the second time in her life, a family member has died right next to her, basically in her arms. Ellen is able to overcome this, even as a

Marketing Strategies of Colgate Palmolive Ltd

Project Report A STUDY ON MARKETING STRATEGIES OF COLGATE PALMOLIVE LTD. Submitted to: Dr. D. K. Agarwal Submitted by: DINESH CHAUHAN[62014] VIVEK DHAR [62066] FORE SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT NEW DELHI Contents ? Introduction1 ? Objective2 ? Methodology3 ? Company Profile4 ? Company Strategy6 ? Marketing Mix15 ? SWOT Analysis26 ? Survey Findings28 ? Retailers Survey34 ? Conclusion37 ? Suggestions39 ? Consumer Questionnaire ? Retailer Questionnaire ? Bibliography INTRODUCTION As early as 3000 B. C. Egyptians used toothbrushes fashioned from twigs. In the 20th century a major design advance occurred in 1938 with the launch of Dr. West’s Miracle Tuft toothbrush, the first nylon bristle brush. Until the late 1970’s toothbrushes were widely viewed by consumer as a commodity and were primarily purchases on price. The involvement remained low and the companies also treated their toothbrushes as an extension, to get their consumers to use their toothpastes. Typically in the Indian market the percentage of toothbrush users has slowly inched upwards. As it has always been associated by the non-users as a non-essential item more so because of their fierce loyalty to the margosa twigg(Datun) and the index finger. The market of late has been the entry of several foreign players and the marketing game has assumed a totally new dimension. Companies are trying to shift to â€Å"PULL† strategy of long term returns and the inclination of consumers to shell out a few rupees extra to ensure a more wholesome care of their teeth and gum. This has resulted in rapid growth in value terms. Added to this is the initiative of the companies to focus on expanding the market by bringing the over 65% non-users in their consumer fold. With such vast potential to be exploited, the entry of several new players with their innovative ideas and experience in similar developing markets, the industry is likely to see a lot of action in the immediate future. OBJECTIVE The above of the project was manifold. ? First of all a general idea of the toothbrush industry – its competitiveness, volume and potential was to be adjudged. Next was to go on to analysis of the attitudes of a typical consumer and his/her idea/perception of this low involvement category product. ? This was to be followed up with the study of Colgate Plus toothbrush, as a typical product of the company, Colgate Palmolive and its standing in the market vis-a-vis other players, especially new entrants. ? To amalgamate all above to conclude as to what was to be the future/probable course of the toothbrush industry and Colgate Plus tooth brush in particular. METHODOLOGY 1. To get an idea of the industry, I went through all the relevant literature we could lay my hands upon. This included A & M’s, Business Today’s. 2. For consumer attitudes, I prepared a questionnaire that was circulated among 70 odd people, well spread out across the whole of Delhi. The same was done with the retailers to try and see the conformity in findings in some specific attributes. 3. The questionnaire was to structured that an idea of brand image and relative studying of various brand could also be elicited. 4. The findings were synthesized, and keeping in mind the new entrants, their potential and the potential of the market, projections were made and conclusions were drawn. COMPANY PROFILE A household name for paste and tooth powder, Colgate Palmolive (India) was established on 23rd September 1937 as a private limited company in Bombay, as a wholly owned subsidiary of Colgate Palmolive Co. Of USA Initially it started with trading activity and later set up manufacturing operations in 1949 at Sewry (Bombay). The company became a public limited company on 5th October 1978. In 1990-91 the company commissioned facilities for fatty acid and toilet soap at Waluj (Aurangabad). The plants at Sewri and Waluj manufacture oral care products like dental creams, tooth powder tooth brushes and personal care products like toilet soaps, shampoo, which are marketed under various brand names such as Colgate, Palmolive, Halo, Protex and Charmis. The company’s distribution network covers 1700 stockists and 4,50,000 retailers with ware house facilities in Mumbai, Calcutta, Delhi, Hyderabad, Lucknow and Madras ( and a new addition at Faridabad). The company has its own Research and development facilities and had also been getting the R&D benefits of the parent company. It has a well established quality Control Department at Sewri & Waluj. For 40 years, since inception till 1978, Colgate was carrying on its business in India with a paid up capital of Rs. 1. 5 lakh made up of 1500 equity shares of Rs. 100 each, when it was increases to Rs. 1. 96 crore, by a bonus issue in the ratio of 130:1. To comply with the FERA regulations, Colgate Palmolive, USA diluted its share holding to 40% in the Indian company, through an offer of sale to the Indian public in October 1978. Following FERA relaxation, the foreign shareholding was increased from 40% to 51% in September 1993. Colgate Palmolive (CP) is a global leader in household and personal care products. In 1991, it had sales of $ 6. 06 billion and a gross profit of $ 2. 76 billion, its world wide R&D expenditures were $ 114 million and media advertising expenditure totalled $ 428 million. Colgate Palmolive’s five year plan for 1991 to 1995 emphasized new product launches and entry into new Geographic markets, along with improved efficiencies in manufacturing and distribution and a continuing focus on core consumer products. In 1921 $ 243 million was spend to upgrade 25 of Colgate Palmolive’s 91 manufacturing plants, 275 new products were introduced world-wide; several strategic acquisitions (e. g. of the Mennen men’s toiletries company) were completed and manufacturing began in China and Eastern Europe. Since 1985, gross margins had climbed from 39% to 45% while annual volume growth since 1986 had averaged 5% International sales Colgate Palmolive’s strong unit, accounted for 64% of sales and 6% of profits in 1991. COMPANY STRATEGY – ORAL CARE AND TOOTHBRUSH INDUSTRY IN PARTICULAR Volume is the key† says Richard Usuquen, VP Marketing Colgate Palmolive (India) Ltd. To expand the market in all ranges, CP has an ongoing RURAL VAN PROGRAMME and SCHOOL PROGRAMME covering 14 million villages and 80 million consumers, teaching people brush or even clean their teeth with the fingers. CP’s action centring around finely balancing the urban market – (59. 5%) and rural markets (68% share) . So while the company has introduced such premium packaging as stand up toothpaste tubes with flip-up caps in the urban market, it is also selling sachets of Colgate dental cream at low prices. This focus on volumes is also evident in the toothbrush market, estimated at 400 million units per annum. C-P is the toothbrush leader in India with an approximately 60% market share, but since ‘95 it is facing challenges from HLL which has already garnered 8% market share. Usuquen says â€Å"The penetration of brushes in India is very low, so more than market share, it is important to grow the market†. To that end CP has actively introduced line extensions across all three segments – economy, middle and premium since last year. At the entry level it has adopted the sleeve packaging, with no individual cases. The focus is on driving volumes through the price-sensitive segment. The mid-price market has been the introduction of the HIGH KLEEN range, while the upper end has seen the zig – zag and Double – Action launches. For the economy segment, a price focus has been adopted. On offer are five toothbrushes each from the CP and Cibacca stables to rural consumers, at prices low enough to generate trial. For the urban market, the focus is on maintaining novelty value by introducing new variants and added features. Whatever is new, people buy. So the idea is to accelerate choice through a variety of product features†. CP’s perception of the Indian market is of one where people welcome change but clamour for high end products at cheaply prices. The answer to this conundrum as per the company’s strategy is to â€Å"†¦.. Optimise cost and formulation and the proceses and come up with efficient manufacturing to answer this â€Å". CP’s strategy is to pour in a lot of investment in the Indian market in terms of capital expenditure and organizational support and each out to the deepest interiors. SEGMENTATION The toothbrush industry can be regarded as a component of the Oral Care industry which broadly comprises tooth paste, mouth wash and floss, besides tooth brushes and a large unorganized naturally available cleaning mediums viz. Index Finger, Neem twigs etc. But Colgate Plus need not to bothered about latter as it operates in a different category. The tooth brush industry can be segmented in the basis of social class & income group (Demographic Segmentation ), price (Product segmentation), benefit (behavioural segmentation), the last being the most important. DEMOGRAPHIC SEGMENTATION ACCORDING TO PRICE |Segment |Category |Brands |Characteristic | |Low income rural class |Economy |Promise, Cibaca |Looking for low price | |Middle income group semi urban |Standard |Colgate Classic Pepsodent popular | Value for money | |consumer | | | |Upper middle income urban |Premium |Colgate Plus, Classic, Ajay, Royal |High quality cleaning efficiency | |consumers | | | | |Upper class urban sophisticate |Super Premium |Oral B, Aquafresh, Jordan, Close Up|Unique, attribute, dentists | | | | |recommendation | The last two categories merge, since Colgate Plus is intelligently positioned in between the two to maintain a high quality in age as well as encourage switches from standard category to up grade PSYCHOGRAPHICS |Variations in Product |Jazzy looks, Transparent handle|Simpleton looks, Modest |Mix of the two : transparent | | |Flashy colours Superior Packing|packaging, Solid colours |handle but not very flash | | | | |packaging. |Urban sophisticate |Chooses with care, sports it as|Abhors |Abhors | | |a status symbol while | | | | |interacting in group travels | | | |Semi urban Non Chalant User |Aspires for it, but finds it |Very often goes for this as it |Some times this | | |difficult to afford; tries it |serves is purpose without much | | | |seldom |expenditure | | |Rural User |Does not have access/can’t | Is the only option Datun |Generally can’t afford this | | |think of | |either | |Tooth brushes brands |Oral B, Jordan, Aqua fresh etc. |Promise, Forhans etc. |Cibaca, Ajanta, Ajay etc. | The overall response reflects a gradual move in the direction of the premium to super premium segment as it is once in three months/four months purchase, thus being successful in luring all customers (except the rural user who are a small minority of the Market) to try out the ones that are places at a higher price on account of their trendy looks and overall appeal of style and splendor. BENEFIT SEGMENTATION |User Characteristic |Invalid oral health consumer |Involved oral health Consumer |Uninvolved Oral Health Consumer| | |Therapeutic Brushers |Cosmetic Brushers |Non-chalant Brushers | |Product Differentiater |Search functionally superior |Search for product that |Views products as same Lack of | | |product with many attributes. effectively delivers cosmetic |interest | | | |benefits | | |Advertising appeal |Put off by hardsell Prefers |Influenced by promotion, |Relatively unaware of ads can | | |dentist recommendation or |hammering on a USP |at most be influenced by price | | |in formed opinion | |offs, package deals | |Buying behaviour |Buys for himself, will go to a |Buys and uses for himself. |Buys for family. , will pick up| | |specialised store |Will not go beyond a large |any brand available. | | | |shop, supermarket | | |Regularity of usage |Brushes after every meal |Brushes mostly once, sometimes |At most once a day | | | |twice | | |Brand loyalty High |Low |Nil | |Price (Willing to pay) |>20 |15-20 | Rs. 20 |3. 0 |25. 0 |7. 5 | |ASCRIBED TO | | | | |No specific reason |59. 4 |33. 3 |50. 0 | |word of mouth |15. 6 |16. 7 |19. 1 | |impressed with advt. |9. 3 |20. |11. 9 | |shopkeeper insisted |15. 6 |20. 8 |14. 3 | |dentists advice |6. 3 |8. 3 |4. 8 | |REPLACEMENT FREQUENCY | | | | |0-1 MONTHS |23. 5 |12. 5 |17. 4 | |1-2 MONTHS |26. 5 |29. |28. 3 | |2-3 MONTHS |23. 5 |29. 2 |30. 4 | |3-4 MONTHS |23. 5 |16. 7 |19. 6 | |> 4 MONTHS |2. 9 |16. 7 |4. 3 | |FREQ. OF BRUSHING | | | | |Once (per day) |50. 0 |28. |46. 7 | |Twice |44. 2 |68. 0 |46. 8 | |after eve ry meal |2. 9 |4. 0 |2. 2 | |Not very particular |2. 9 |0. 0 |2. 2 | |pressed with Advertisement | | | | |YES |11. 1 |22. 2 |12. | |NO |88. 9 |78. 0 |87. 1 | RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF ATTRIBUTES | |MALES |FEMALES |TOTAL |RANK | |PRICE |62. 7 |57. 3 |61. 2 |5 | |PACKAGING |40. 2 |49. 3 |44. 6 |8 | |DURABILITY |74. 5 |74. 7 |75. |2 | |LONG HANDLE |51. 9 |60. 0 |57. 0 |6 | |FLEXIBLE NECK |52. 9 |60. 0 |57. 1 |6 | |COMFY. ANGLE |68. 6 |78. 7 |73. 7 |3 | |SOFT BRISTLES |78. 4 |86. 7 |82. 9 |1 | |LOOKS |46. 1 |40. 0 |44. 9 | |DIAMOND HEAD |36. 3 |41. 3 |38. 9 |10 | |GRIP |58. 8 |68. 0 |63. 4 |4 | |INDICATOR |28. 4 |41. 3 |34. 3 |11 | COLGATE PLUS USERS RESPONSE | |Males |Females |Total | | |v. Good | |COLGATE PLUS |30. 96 | |CIBACA |14. 28 | |ORAL-B |16. 66 | |CLOSE-UP |9. 52 | |PEPSODENT POPULAR |7. 14 | |JORDAN |9. 2 | |OTHERS |11. 90 | BRAND RECALL |BRANDS |PERCENTAGE | |COLGATE PLUS |20. 47 | |PEPSODENT POPULAR |11. 02 | |CIBACA |10. 4 | |ORAL-B |9. 54 | |AQUA-FRESH |7. 59 | |AJANTA |7. 09 | |OTHERS |28. 35 | Only about 5% of the respondents could not remember which toothbrush they were presently using which were excluded from the above computing. RETAILER’S SURVEY FEATURES |No. f Respondents |: |20 | |Areas covered |: |Defence Colony, South Avenue, Khan Market, North Campus, Sarojini| | | |Nagar | |Nature of survey |: |Structured Questionnaire | |Objective |: |a) To gather the respond to new entrants vis-a-vis Colgate Plus | | | |as perceived by retailers. | | | |B) Retailers favorite brand(s) | | | |Margins offered | |Limitations |: |Given the areas covered, the response was bound to be asked in | | | |favour of the upper class users. | F INDINGS |A. Availability | | | |Easy |: |Classic, Aqua-Fresh, Oral-B, Pepsodent, Colgate Plus | |Not Easy |: |Royal, Forhans, Cibaca, Jordan, Prudent. | |B. Sales | | | |High |: |Colgate Plus, Cibaca, Classic, Pepsodent, Oral-B | |Satisfactory |: |Close-up, Ajanta, Ajay, Jordan, Aqua-Fresh | |C. Profit Margins | | | |Highest |: |Classic, Royal | |High |: |Jordan | |Medium |: |Oral-B, Aqua-Fresh, Reach, Cibaca | |Low |: |Colgate Plus, Pepsodent, Close-up | * Highest Margin : 35-40%Lowest Margin – 10-15% N. B. Colgate Plus features in the lowest level of margin and yet commands the highest market share. The low margin was however denied by the Sales Office of Colgate-Palmolive at Delhi, who claimed to offer equal to that of the industry standards. Colgate Plus was not backed up by any appraisal system whatsoever. Supply is kept regular on weekly basis. D. Retailer’s Perception Of Preferences |BY BRAND NAME |36. % | |CHEAP BRUSH |9. 3% | |SPECIFY PRICE RANGE |15. 9% | |EXPENSIVE |21. 5% | |TRY NEW ONESE |16. 8 | E. Retails insisted on â€Å"Pushing† Classic as it was moderately priced and yet offered a very good margin. * The â€Å"D† above was also substantiated by our consumer survey. CONCLUSION The present day brushing habits of the Indian society as a whole leaves a lot to be desired – 41 toothbrushes are sold for every 100 persons per year! Total units sold add u to a little over 400 million, growing at the rate of 10% p. a in volume terms and 25% in value terms (difference explained by the shift to upper end of the market). This implies not much inroad has been made into the rural and semi-urban market. Non-users constitute about 65% of total population. While the global brands try to create new markets and add new dimensions, there is much greater latent demand. Out of their stable of marketing strategies, advertising till now had been low priority for the players (this was confirmed in our survey as 88. % of respondents don’t recall the ads). This indicates companies find it formidable to change the low involvement level psyche of consumers and the route of aggressive sales promotion by way of price offs, POP displays, tied sales and generous trade margin s still hold the key to increasing off take of toothbrushes. No one has made a serious attempt in the virgin territory of 65% non-users (CP’s Rural Van Programme is a recent drive). The thought of doing a Nirma to the toothbrush market has escaped everyone. Despite packaging constituting a substantial (upto 40%) of the cost of a toothbrush it has found to have influenced the purchasing decisions of the buyers. In our survey consumers corroborated to this effect (refer to the survey findings). Companies could rethink their strategy of increasing differentiability by packaging and instead invest in product development for the same. SUGGESTIONS Some possible product improvisations Attached straight tongue cleaner cased in the toothbrush handle. Cartoons character printed on the handle to attract kids. Padding on the handle end to massage the gums. Casing the toothbrush (for kids) in a toy form. Neck with adjustable handle. Get a certificate by the Indian Dental Association (IDA) for the toothbrush, like the Colgate Calciguard Toothpaste. Segregate the toothbrush types for different age groups, e. g. , Children – Thicker handle for better grip, bright colours and cartoons printed on the handle. Young People of Teenager – more trendy colours and designs, like stripes or polka dotted, more vibrant colours. Adults – Simple designs and sober and decent colours. For the new entrant Introduce the product with the offer of one free toothbrush with the purchase of a brush which will help in blocking and prepointing the purchase of the buyer. As the target segment is the premium segment therefore, premium pricing of the product is necessary. Price the product at Rs. 251 -* or at Rs. 301- and not at Rs. 361 or Rs. 221- because the shopkeepers face a problem in returning small changes of Rs. 31 or Rs. 31- and Rs. 1 so they sometimes avoid the product as confessed by the shopkeeper. Add value to the product by giving tips on taking good oral care, in the back side of the package or a free pamphlet with the purchase of a brush, like brushing twice a day, flossing, polishing , regular dental check-up by your dentist, this shows a caring and concerned attitude by the company. With the purchase of a toothbrush, give a free coupons which is to be filled in by the consumer and can be used by him or her for getting a free dental check-up as when and where specified in the advertisement in the newspaper. This kind of scheme can be implemented by the company once in two three months. However, these suggestions can be used by the big players in the market or the new entrant, who has to be a big player because a large investment is needed for such heavy sales promotion and also an attempt should be made to convert this low involvement product into a high involvement as it is concerned with personal card and hygiene and a product of daily use. CONSUMER QUESTIONNAIRE 1. AGE : ( 15-30 Years ( 30-40 Years ( 40-50 years (Above 50 years 2. SEX : ( Male ( Female 3. OCCUPATION : ( Govt. Service( Self-employed ( Corporate Executive ( Student ( Others (specify __________________) 4. MARITAL STATUS 🙠 Single ( Married with children ( Married without children 5. AVERAGE MONTHLY INCOME/ALLOWANCE ( Rs. 20000 6. Which toothbrush do you generally use? 7. Name any other five toothbrushes that you can recall 12345 8. Who purchases your toothbrush? ( Myself( A family member( A Subordinate 9. Do you ask for a toothbrush by name? ( Yes ( No 10. How much are you ready to spend on a toothbrush? ( Rs. 5-10( Rs. 10-15( Rs. 15-20( > Rs. 20 11. What prompted you to purchase your current toothbrush? ( Dentist’s advice ( Impressed with the advertisement ( Shopkeeper gave it to me ( A well-wisher recommended it to me ( Just bought it no specific reason. 12. How often do you replace your toothbrush? (0-1 month( 1-2 months( 2-3 months( 3-4 months ( > 4 months 13. How often do you brush your teeth a day? ( Once ( Twice ( After every meal( Not particular 14. What according to you are the relative importances of the following? | |V. Imp |Imp. |Not so Imp. Doesn’t matter | |PRICE | | | | | |PACKAGING | | | | | |DURABILITY | | | | | |FLEXIBLE NECK | | | | | |COMFORTABLE ANGLE | | | | | |SOFTNESS OF BRISTLES | | | | | |LOOKS (TRANSPARENT HANDLE ETC. ) | | | | | |DIAMOND HEAD | | | | | |GRIP | | | | | |INDICATOR | | | | | 15. Has any toothbrush ad (seen on TV/in a magazine) made an impact on you? |YES |NO |IF YES, THEN WHY | |ORAL-B | | | | |AQUA FRESH | | | | |ROYAL | | | | |COLGATE PLUS | | | | 16. Kindly answer the following in case you have used Colgate Plus/Aqua Fresh toothbrushes: | |AQUA FRESH |COLGATE PLUS | |QUALITY |*V. GOOD * GOOD |* V. GOOD * GOOD | | |* MODERATE |* MODERATE | | |* NO GOOD |* NO GOOD | |AVAILABILITY |* EASY * NOT SO EASY * DIFFICULT |* EASY * NOT SO EASY * DIFFICULT | |IF IT WORTH THE PRICE |* YES *NO |* YES * NO | | |* CAN’T SAY |*CAN’T SAY | |IF THE BRAND IS NOT AVAILABLE, THEN I |* WILL WAIT |* WILL WAIT | | |* WILL NOT WAIT |* WILL NOT WAIT | THANK YOU FOR SPARING YOUR VALUABLE TIME!! RETAILER QUESTIONNAIRE 1. Location of the store : 2. Selling toothbrushes since 3. Brands stocked ( Colgate Plus( Cibaca Supreme( Aqua Fresh ( Jordan( Oral-B( Royal ( Pepsodent( Promise( Ajay ( Ajanta( Classic 4. Which are the top three toothbrushes in terms of exist sales? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. In case not covered above. What is the status of: 1. Aquafresh( Good( Picking up Moderate( Poor 2. Colgate Plus( Good( Picking up Moderate( Poor 6. How do consumers ask for a tooth brush? (Rank them) (a) Ask by brand name(b) Ask for a cheap brush (c) Specify a price range(d) Go for an expensive brush (e) Keep trying newer ones 7. Which of these two companies make it a point to: (a) Get a regular feedback Aquafresh( Yes( No Colgate Plus( Yes( No (b) Maintain regular supply Aquafresh( Yes( No Colgate Plus( Yes( No 8. Rank your profit margin for the following brands: 1. Cibaca Supreme2. Colgate Plus 3. Oral-B4. Aqua Fresh 5. Classic 6. Ajanta 7. Pepsodent 8. Jordan 9. What is your a) Highest Margin b) Lowest Margin 10. If the consumer does not ask for a specific toothbrush then which one would you offer him? Why? BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Business Today Library 2. A&M Issues of June ‘05, June ‘05, April ‘2006 3. CII Library 4. FORE Library 5. Kotler Philip (Principles of Marketing) 6. Kotler, Philip (Marketing Management). ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my sincere thanks to Prof. N. S. Uppal for entrusting me with a challenging project and along with it, his help and encouragement has been exemplary. I wish to place my sincere gratitude to the officials of concerned organization and libraries who in spite of their busy schedule always spared their time whenever needed. ———————– [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic]

Recommendation For Current It Security Policy - 794 Words

Recommendation to Current IT Security Policy The systems approach to problem solving is used to analyze and identify mediatory provisions, see figure 2, Appendix D, Systems Approach to Problem Solving. Loss suffered in the Societe Generale Bank security breach was substantial because the perpetrator knew where to look to acquire access to financial information and circumvent existing security measures. This defined fraudulent behavior and solidified criteria for productive countermeasures. Prevention and risk management must be addressed by establishing policies and procedures and enforced by management at all levels. In accordance with Societe Generale Bank security policy these recommendations are proposed †¢ Implement institutional audits, including employee actions; †¢ Implement quarterly risk assessments; †¢ Implement quarterly security awareness training for all employees; †¢ Enforce separation of duties and least privilege; †¢ Implement access controls includes policies for account and password management and account termination; †¢ Perform regular review of organizational security risk, policies, and procedures and institute preparedness; and †¢ Provide multilayer secure access points for remote access gateways (Musthaler, 2008). 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